Sustainable semiconductor technologies and systems: Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of CMOS logic technologies

While concerted efforts have been made to promote greener IC manufacturing, achieving sustainable practices necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the environmental impacts associated with semiconductor fabrication. This paper presents a life cycle analysis of logic technology nodes N28 to A14 based on bottom-up modeling of a high-volume IC fabrication plant. This holistic approach provides granular results, enables sensitivity analysis, and highlights high-impact processes that could be improved to reduce environmental footprints in existing and pathfinding technologies.